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A theorem is a proposition that has been or is to be proved on the basis of explicit assumptions. Proving theorems is a central activity of mathematicians. Note that "theorem" is distinct from "theory". A theorem generally has a set-up – a number of conditions, which may be listed in the theorem or described beforehand. Then it has a conclusion – a mathematical statement which is true under the given set up. The proof, though necessary to the statement's classification as a theorem, is not considered part of the theorem. In general, a mathematical statement must be non-trivial to be called a theorem. Less important statements are called:
A mathematical statement which is believed to be true but has not been proven is known as a conjecture. As noted above, a theorem requires some sort of logical framework. This will consist of a basic set of axioms (see axiomatic system), as well as a process of inference, which allows one to derive new theorems from axioms and other theorems that have been derived earlier. In propositional logic, any proven statement is called a theorem. Informally speaking, most such theorems are not of any particular interest; what makes a mathematical result worth the title 'theorem' is not really an easy matter. See also
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