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Seaweed covered rocks in the UK

Phycologists consider seaweed to refer any of a large number of marine benthic algae that are multicellular, macrothallic (large-bodied), and thus differentiated from most algae that tend towards microscopic size (Smith, 1944). Seaweeds are found among the green, red, and brown algae. Some cyanobacteria may also be counted as seaweeds. Seaweeds are named after terrestrial "weeds", and are not to be confused with things like seagrass which are vascular plants and not algae.

Structure

Kelp forest Otago, New Zealand

Seaweeds may have an appearance that resembles non-arboreal terrestrial plants.

• thallus: the algal body
  • blade: a flattened structure that is somewhat leaf-like
    • sorus: spore cluster
    • on Fucus -- Air bladders: floatssist organ (on blade)
    • on kelp -- floats: float-assist organ (in between blade and stipe)
  • stipe: a stem-like structure, may be absent
  • holdfast: specialized basal structure providing attachment to the bottom

The stipe and blade are collectively known as frond.

Uses

Seaweeds are used extensively as food by coastal peoples, most particularly in Japan but also in Korea, China, Indonesia, Peru, the Canadian Maritimes, Scandinavia, Ireland, Wales, Philippines, and Scotland, among other places. For example, laver is a red alga used in Wales to make laverbread, and in Japan dried, formed into sheets called nori, and used to wrap sushi. Irish moss is another red alga used in producing various food additives.

Seaweed is also used for the production of Alginate, a versatile product that is used for a whole range of applications. These include the production of Agar which is used very widely in microbiology as a substrate for culturing organisms. Alginates are also used in the production of foodstuffs to improve texture and mouth-feel. Typical products are ice-cream and a range of proprietary desserts (see Carrageenan).

Other seaweeds may be used as seaweed fertiliser.

Bladder wrack on exposed tidal shore-line

See also

Category:Sea vegetables

References

• Smith, G.M. 1944. Marine Algae of the Monterey Peninsula, California. Stanford Univ., 2nd ion.

External link

• The Seaweed Site, information on all aspects of seaweeds and marine algal biology

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