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The Independent State of Samoa (conventional long form) or Samoa (conventional short form) is a country comprising a group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean. Previous names are German Samoa from 1900 to 1914 and Western Samoa from 1914 to 1997. The entire group was known as Navigator Islands before the 20th century due to the Samoans' excellent seafaring skills.

Malo Sa'oloto Tuto'atasi o Samoa
Independent State of Samoa

Image:westasmarms22.PNG (In Detail) (In Detail)
National motto: Faavae i le Atua Samoa (Samoa is founded on God)
image:LocationSamoa.png
Official languages	Samoan, English
Capital	Apia 13°35′ S 172°20′ W
Head of State	Malietoa Tanumafili II
Prime Minister	Tuila'epa Sailele Malielegaoi
Area - Total - % water	Ranked 165th 2944 km² 0.3%
Population - Total (Jul 2004 Est.) - Density	Ranked 174th 177,714 60/km²
Independence - Date	From New Zealand January 1, 1962
Currency	tala (WST)
Time zone	UTC -11
National anthem	The Banner of Freedom
Internet TLD	.ws
Calling Code	685

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Contents 1 History 2 Politics 2.1 Government 3 Geography 4 Economy 5 Demographics 6 Culture 7 Miscellaneous topics 8 References 9 External links

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History

Main article: History of Samoa

Migrants from Southeast Asia arrived in the Samoan islands more than 2000 years ago and from there settled the rest of Polynesia further to the east. Contact with Europeans began in the early 1700s but did not intensify until the arrival of English missionaries and traders in the 1830s. At the turn of the 20th century, the Samoan islands were split into two sections. The eastern islands became territories of the United States, the Tutuila islands in 1900, and officialy Manua in 1900 and today are known as American Samoa. The western islands became known as German Samoa, then Western Samoa after passing from German control to New Zealand in 1914. In 1962 Western Samoa became the first Pacific Island country to regain its independence.

In July 1997, the Constitution was amended to change the country's name from Western Samoa to Samoa. Samoa had been known simply as Samoa in the United Nations since joining the organization in 1976. The neighboring U.S. territory of American Samoa protested at the move, feeling that the change diminished its own Samoan identity. American Samoans still use the terms Western Samoa and Western Samoans.

Politics

Main article: Politics of Samoa

Since 1982, the majority party in the Fono has been the Human Rights Protection Party (HRPP). HRPP leader Tofilau Eti Alesana served as prime minister for nearly all of the period between 1982 and 1998, when he resigned due to health reasons. Tofilau Eti was replaced by his deputy, Tuila'epa Sailele Malielegaoi.

Parliamentary elections were held in March 2001. The Human Rights Protection Party, led by Tuila'epa Sailele Malielegaoi, won 30 of the 49 seats in the current Fono. The Samoa National Development Party, led by Le Mamea Ropati, is the main opposition. Other political parties are the Samoan Progressive Conservative Party, the Samoa All Peoples Party, and the Samoa Liberal Party.

Government

The 1960 Constitution, which formally came into force with independence, is based on the British pattern of parliamentary democracy, modified to take account of Samoan customs. Samoa's two high chiefs at the time of independence were given lifetime appointments to jointly hold the office of head of state. Malietoa Tanumafili II has held this post alone since the death of his colleague in 1963. His eventual successor will be selected by the legislature for a 5-year term.

The unicameral legislature, named the Fono, contains 49 members serving 5-year terms. Forty-seven are elected from territorial districts by ethnic Samoan districts; the other two are chosen by the nation's non-Samoans on separate electoral rolls. Universal suffrage was extended in 1990, but only chiefs (matai) may stand for election to the Samoan seats. There are more than 25,000 matais in the country, about 5% of whom are women. The prime minister is chosen by a majority in the Fono and is appointed by the chief of state to form a government. The prime minister's choices for the 12 cabinet positions are appointed by the chief of state, subject to the continuing confidence of the Fono.

The judicial system is based on English common law and local customs. The Supreme Court is the court of highest jurisdiction. Its chief justice is appointed by the chief of state upon the recommendation of the prime minister.

Geography