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French Monarchy-
Capetian Dynasty
(direct Capetians branch)

Hugh Capet
Children
Robert II
Robert II
Children
Henry I
Robert I, Duke of
Burgundy
Henry I
Children
Philip I
Hugh the Great, Count of
Vermandois
Philip I
Children
Louis VI
Louis VI
Children
Louis VII
Louis VII
Children
Mary, Countess of
Champagne
Philip II
(Philip Augustus)
Alys, Countess of Vexin
Philip II
(Philip Augustus)
Children
Louis VIII
Louis VIII
Children
Louis IX (Saint Louis)
Count Robert I of Artois
Alphonse, Count of
Poitou and Toulouse
Charles I of Anjou and
Sicily
Louis IX (Saint Louis)
Children
Philip III
Robert, Count of
Clermont
Philip III
Children
Philip IV (Philip the Fair)
Charles of Valois
Louis d'Evreux
Margaret, Queen
consort of England
Philip IV (Philip the Fair)
Children
Louis X
Philip V
Isabella, Queen consort
of England
Charles IV
Louis X
Children
Queen Joan II of Navarre
John I Posthumus
John I Posthumous
Philip V
Charles IV

Robert II the Pious (French: Robert II le Pieux) (March 27, 972 - July 20, 1031) was King of France from 996 to 1031. A member of the Capetian Dynasty, Robert II was born on March 27, 972 in Orléans, France, the son of King Hugh Capet (938a href="996.html" title="996">996) and Adelaide of Aquitaine (952a href="1004.html" title="1004">1004).

In 987, Robert's father had the nobles crown him as successor at Orléans on December 30th, thereby confirming the house of Capet as rulers of France. After Robert became king he did as his father and crowned his eldest son Hugh Magnus as his successor. But, due to Prince Hugh Magnus's death, another son, Henri, became king.

Robert, despite marital problems that saw him temporarily excommunicated by Pope Gregory V, was a very devout Roman Catholic, hence the name Robert the Pious. He was very musically inclined and was a composer, a chorister, and a poet, making his palace a place of religious seclusion, where he conducted the matins and vespers in his royal robes. Part of Robert's piety at the time, was because he did not tolerate heretics and harshly punished them.

The kingdom Robert inherited was not large, and in an effort to increase his power, he vigorously pursued his claim to any of the feudal lands as they became vacant which action usually resulted in war with a counter-claimant. In 1003, his invasion of Burgundy was thwarted and it would not be until 1016 that he was finally able to get the support of the Church and be recognized as the Duke of Burgundy.

The pious King Robert II made few friends and many enemies, including his own sons. His eldest son Hugh Magnus died suddenly while in rebellion against his father. Robert's surviving sons, Henri and Robert, also turned against their father, in a civil war for power and property. King Robert's army was beaten and he retreated to Beaugency outside Paris.

He died in the middle of the war with his sons on July 20, 1031 at Melun, France. He was interred with his third wife, Constance of Arles (973a href="July_25.html" title="July 25">July 25, 1032) in Saint Denis Basilica. He was succeeded by his and Constance's second son, Henri I.

Robert II married:

  • c. 989, 1) Susanne (Rosala), Princess of Italy (c.945 - January 26, 1003). Widow of Count Arnulf II of Flanders. She was much older than Robert, and the marriage was arranged by his father. Robert divorced her a year later.
  • c. 996, 2) Bertha, Princess of Burgundy (952a href="1035.html" title="1035">1035). Widow of Count Theobald II of Blois. Because she was his cousin, Pope Gregory V would not sanction the marriage and Robert was excommunicated. However, after long negotiations with the new Pope Silvester II the marriage was annulled.
  • In 1001, 3) Constance of Arles (973a href="July_25.html" title="July 25">July 25, 1034) Daughter of a certain Count William, an intriguing and ambitious woman, who made life miserable for her husband. She was the mother of his children:
  1. Advisa, Countess of Auxerre, (c.1003-after 1063), married Count Renaud I of Nevers
  2. Hugh Magnus, co-king (1007-September 17, 1025)
  3. Henry I of France (May 4, 1008-August 4, 1060)
  4. Adela, Countess of Contenance (1009-June 5, 1063), married (1) Duke Richard III of Normandy (2) Count Baldwin V of Flanders
  5. Robert I, Duke of Burgundy (1011-March 21, 1076)
  6. Eudes (1013-1056)
  7. Constance (1014-unknown), married Manasses de Dammartin


Preceded by:
Hugh Capet
King of France
996–1031
Succeeded by:
Henry I

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