Paranthropus boisei Did You Mean Paranthropus?

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Paranthropus boisei
Conservation status: Fossil

Scientific classification

Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Subphylum:	Vertebrata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Primates
Family:	Hominidae
Genus:	Paranthropus
Species:	P. boisei

Binomial name

Paranthropus boisei
(Mary Leakey, 1959)

Paranthropus boisei (originally called Zinjanthropus boisei and then Australopithecus boisei until recently) was an early hominid that lived in East Africa, from around 2 until about 1 million years ago during the Pleistocene era. It had a skull highly specialized for heavy chewing. P. boisei inhabited the dry savannah grasslands of Eastern Africa during a period from 2.5 to 1 million years ago.

The first fossil was discovered in a rich archaeological site, FLK Zinj, in the Oldupai Gorge, by Mary Leakey in 1959, whence the name, "Zinj man." The species epithet "boisei" honours Charles Boise, who contributed financial support to the work of Louis and Mary Leakey at the Olduvai Gorge.

This species is characterised by a large skull with a heavy jaw and large molars. The brain is quite small, about 450 cubic centimetres. The large jaw and dentition is thought to be an adaptation to their diet. It is thought that these species dealt with the change to a more savannahike environment that was taking place by specializing on a diet of low quality plant foods. The same adaptation took place in south Africa with the evolution of Paranthropus robustus.

It is unclear whether this species made tools; when first discovered it was hailed as one of our tool producing ancestors since the site also showed evidence of flint tools. However, the first fossil of Homo habilis was later found at the same site. After the discovery Homo habilis was thought to be the producer of the tools. On the other hand, it is possible that this species produced tools also. Research into the hand bones of Paranthropus robustus, a species thought to be very much like Paranthropus boisei, has shown that anatomically they are able to perform a so-called precision grip. So Paranthropus boisei had the anatomical requirements to make tools.

This article forms part of the series
Human Evolution

Ardipithecus

Sahelanthropus tchadensis

Orrorin tugenensis

Australopithecines

Australopithecus afarensis

Australopithecus africanus

Australopithecus anamensis

Australopithecus garhi

Paranthropus

Paranthropus boisei

Paranthropus robustus

Paranthropus aethiopicus

Homo

Homo habilis

Homo erectus

Homo ergaster

Homo antecessor

Homo heidelbergensis

Homo sapiens idaltu

Homo cepranensis

Homo rhodesiensis

Homo rudolfensis

Homo georgicus

Homo floresiensis

Homo neanderthalensis

Homo sapiens

External link

Australopithecus boisei page on ArchaeologyInfo.com

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