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October 21 is the 294th day of the year (295th in leap years ) in the Gregorian Calendar , with 71 days remaining.
Events
686 - Conon becomes Pope .1492 - Christopher Columbus lands on the San Salvador Islands.1512 - Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg1600 - Tokugawa Ieyasu defeats the leaders of rival Japanese clans in the Battle of Sekigahara , which marks the beginning of the Tokugawa shogunate , who in effect rule Japan until the mid-Nineteenth century.1774 - First display of the word "Liberty" on a flag, raised by colonists in Taunton, Massachusetts and which was in defiance of British rule in Colonial America .1797 - In Boston Harbor , the 44-gun United States Navy frigate USS Constitution is launched.1805 - Napoleonic Wars : Battle of Trafalgar - a British fleet led by Admiral Lord Nelson defeats a combined French and Spanish fleet off the coast of Spain under Admiral Villeneuve . It signalled the virtual end of French maritime power and left Britain navally unchallenged until the twentieth century.1805 - Napoleonic Wars : Austrian General Mack surrenders his army to the Grand Army of Napoleon at Ulm , reaping Napoleon over 30,000 prisoners and inflicting 10,000 casualties on the losers. Ulm was considered to be one of Napoleon's finest hours.1824 - Joseph Aspdin patents Portland cement .1854 - Florence Nightingale and a staff of 38 nurses were sent to the Crimean War .1861 - American Civil War : Battle of Ball's Bluff - Union forces under Colonel Edward Baker are defeated by Confederate troops in the second major battle of the war. Baker, a close friend of Abraham Lincoln , is killed in the fighting.1867 - Manifest Destiny : Medicine Lodge Treaty - Near Medicine Lodge Creek, Kansas a landmark treaty is signed by southern Great Plains Indian leaders. The treaty requires Native American Plains tribes to relocate a reservation in western Oklahoma .1879 - Using a filament of carbonized thread, Thomas Edison tests the first practical electric incandescent light bulb (it lasted 13 1/2 hours before burning out).1895 - The Republic of Taiwan collapses as Japanese forces invade.1902 - In the United States , a five month strike by United Mine Workers ends.1921 - President Warren G. Harding delivers the first speech by a sitting President against lynching in the deep south.1941 - World War II : Germans rampage in Yugoslavia , killing thousands of civilians.1944 - The first kamikaze attack: HMAS Australia was hit by a Japanese plane carrying a 200 kg (441 pound) bomb off Leyte Island , as the Battle of Leyte Gulf began.1945 - Women's suffrage : Women are allowed to vote in France for the first time.1945 - Argentine military officer and politician Juan Perón married actress Evita .1947 - 21 die as a fire destroys an asylum in Hoff, Germany .1954 - The first part of JRR Tolkien 's The Lord of the Rings , the The Fellowship of the Ring is published in the U.S.A. 1957 - The movie Jailhouse Rock , starring Elvis Presley , opens.1959 - In New York City , the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum opens to the public. It was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright .1959 - US President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs an executive order transferring Wernher von Braun and other German scientists from the United States Army to NASA .1966 - Aberfan disaster : A coal tip falls on the village of Aberfan in Wales , killing 144 people, mostly schoolchildren1967 - Vietnam War : More than 100,000 war protesters gather in Washington, DC . A peaceful rally at the Lincoln Memorial is followed by a march to The Pentagon and clashes with soldiers and United States Marshals protecting the facility (event lasts until October 23 ; 683 people will be arrested). Similar demonstrations occurred simultaneously in Japan and Western Europe .1973 - John Paul Getty III 's ear is cut off by his kidnappers and sent to a newspaper in Rome ; it doesn't arrive until November 8 .1977 - The European Patent Institute is founded1980 - 1980 World Series : In 6 games, the Philadelphia Phillies win their first World Series .1986 - In Lebanon , pro-Iranian kidnappers claim to have abducted American writer Edward Tracy (he will be released in August 1991 ).1987 - Former Miss America Bess Myerson is arrested on charges of bribery, conspiracy, and mail fraud, all involving an alimony-fixing scandal. She is later found not guilty.1994 - North Korea nuclear weapons program : North Korea and the United States sign an agreement that requires North Korea to stop its nuclear weapons program and agree to inspections.1997 - Hotel owners from the Detroit area meet to discuss Jack Kevorkian 's practice of leaving corpses in hotel rooms.
Births
1328 - Hongwu Emperor of China (d. 1398 )1449 - George, Duke of Clarence , brother of Edward IV of England and Richard III of England (d. 1478 )1527 - Louis I, Cardinal of Guise , French cardinal (d. 1578 )1581 - Domenico Zampieri , Italian painter (d. 1641 )1650 - Jean Bart , French admiral (d. 1702 )1660 - Georg Ernst Stahl , German scientist (d. 1734 )1675 - Emperor Higashiyama of Japan (d. 1710 )1687 - Nicolaus I Bernoulli , Swiss mathematician (d. 1759 )1725 - Franz Moritz Graf von Lacy , Austrian field marshal (d. 1801 )1757 - Pierre François Charles Augereau, duc de Castiglione , French marshal (d. 1816 )1762 - Herman Willem Daendels , Dutch statesman (d. 1818 )1772 - Samuel Taylor Coleridge , British poet (d. 1834 )1775 - Giuseppe Baini , Italian composer (d. 1844 )1833 - Alfred Nobel , Swedish inventor and founder of the Nobel Prize (d. 1896 )1847 - Giuseppe Giacosa , Italian writer (d. 1906 )1851 - George Ulyett , English Cricketer (d. 1898 )1895 - Edna Purviance , American actress (d. 1958 )1904 - Patrick Kavanagh , Irish poet (d. 1967 )1912 - Sir Georg Solti , Hungarian conductor (d. 1997 )1914 - Martin Gardner , American writer1917 - Dizzy Gillespie , American musician (d. 1993 )
1921 - Malcolm Arnold , British composer1924 - Celia Cruz , Cuban singer (d. 2003 )1928 - Whitey Ford , baseball player1929 - Ursula K. Le Guin , American author1940 - Manfred Mann , British musician1940 - Geoff Boycott , English cricketer1941 - Steve Cropper , American musician1942 - Elvin Bishop , American musician1942 - Judy Sheindlin , American judge and television host1943 - Brian Piccolo , American football player (d. 1970 )1949 - Benjamin Netanyahu , 9th Prime Minister of Israel 1952 - Trevor Chappell , Australian Cricketer1953 - Peter Mandelson , English politician1955 - Rich Mullins , American musician (d. 1997 )1956 - Carrie Fisher , American actress and writer1957 - Wolfgang Ketterle , German physicist, Nobel Prize laueate1957 - Steve Lukather , American musician1962 - David Campese , Australian rugby player1965 - John F. Jewell, American artist and lawyer1968 - Pagette Davenport Persad, American scientist1971 - Nick Oliveri , American musician1972 - Felicity Andersen , Australian actress1973 - Lera Auerbach , Russian composer1978 - Joey Harrington , American football player
Deaths
310 - Pope Eusebius 1125 - Cosmas of Prague , Bohemian writer1221 - Alix of Thouars , Duchess of Brittany (b. 1201 )1266 - Birger jarl , Swedish statesman and founder of Stockholm (b. 1210 )1422 - King Charles VI of France (b. 1368 )1500 - Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado of Japan (b. 1442 )1558 - Julius Caesar Scaliger , Italian humanist scholar (b. 1484 )1600 - Toda Katsushige , Japanese warlord (b. 1557 )1623 - William Wade , English statesman and diplomat (b. 1546 )1662 - Henry Lawes , English composer (b. 1595 )1687 - Sir Edmund Waller , English poet (b. 1606 )1765 - Giovanni Paolo Pannini , Italian painter and architect (b. 1691 )1805 - Horatio Nelson , British admiral (mortally wounded in battle) (b. 1758 )1896 - James Henry Greathead , British engineer (b. 1844 )1931 - Arthur Schnitzler , Austrian writer (b. 1862 )1944 - Alois Kayser , German missionary to Nauru (b. 1877 )1969 - Waclaw Sierpinski , Polish mathematician (b. 1882 )1969 - Jack Kerouac , American novelist (b. 1922 )1975 - Charles Reidpath , American athlete (b. 1887 )1980 - Hans Asperger , Austrian psychologist (b. 1906 )1984 - François Truffaut , French film director (b. 1932 )1986 - Lionel Murphy , Australian politician and judge (b. 1922 )1995 - Shannon Hoon , American singer (Blind Melon ) (b. 1967 )1995 - Jesús Blasco , Spanish comic book author (b. 1919 )2003 - Fred Berry , American actor (b. 1951 )2003 - Luis A. Ferré , Governor of Puerto Rico (b. 1940 )2003 - Louise Day Hicks , American politician (b. 1916 )2003 - Elliott Smith , American musician (b. 1969 )2005 - Francisco Alejandro Gutierrez , Cuban-American musician, head of Captain Jack (b. 1962 )
Holidays and observances
Etc
External links
October 20 - October 22 - November 21 - September 21 – more historical anniversaries
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