Nineteenth dynasty of Egypt?

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Dynasties of Pharaohs in Ancient Egypt

Predynastic Egypt

Protodynastic Period

Early Dynastic Period

1st 2nd

Old Kingdom

3rd 4th 5th 6th

First Intermediate Period

7th 8th 9th 10th

11th (Thebes only)

Middle Kingdom

11th (All Egypt)

12th 13th 14th

Second Intermediate Period

15th 16th 17th

New Kingdom

18th 19th 20th

Third Intermediate Period

21st 22nd 23rd 24th 25th

Late Period

26th 27th 28th

29th 30th 31st

Græco-Roman Period

Ptolemaic Roman Empire

Known rulers, in the History of Egypt, for the Nineteenth Dynasty.

The Eighteenth, Nineteenth and Twentieth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title, New Kingdom.

The Nineteenth Dynasty was founded by Vizier Ramesses I, whom Pharaoh Horemheb chose as his successor to the throne. This period is best known for its military conquests in modern Israel, Lebanon, and Syria.

Nineteenth Dynasty

Name	Dates
Ramesses I	1292 BC – 1290 BC
Seti I	1290 BC – 1279 BC
Ramesses II (the "Great")	1279 BC – 1213 BC
Merneptah	1213 BC – 1203 BC
Amenmesse	1203 BC – 1199 BC
Seti II	1199 BC – 1193 BC
Siptah	1193 BC – 1187 BC
Twosret	1187 BC – 1185 BC

New Kingdom Egypt reached the zenith of its power under Seti I and Ramesses II, who campaigned vigorously against the Libyans and the Hittites. The famous city of Kadesh was first captured by Seti I before this king decided to concede it to Muwatalli of Hatti in an informal peace treaty between Egypt and Hatti. Ramesses II later attempted unsuccessfully to alter this situation in his 5th Regnal Year by launching an attack on Kadesh in his Second Syrian campaign in 1274 BC, which nearly ended with his death on the battlefield. While Ramesses II later profited from the Hittites internal difficulties in his Year 8 and Year 9 Syrian campaigns against the Hittites, who were experiencing domestic difficulties after the death of Muwatalli II and the troubled succession of Urhi-Teshub, by capturing Kadesh, Southern Syria, and advancing as far north as Tunip where no Egyptian soldier had been seen for 120 years. He ultimately accepted that a campaign against the Hittites was a huge drain on Egypt's Treasury and Army (see N. Grimal's 'A History of Ancient Egypt' (1992), pp. 256-257). In his 21st Regnal Year, he signed the first recorded peace treaty with Urhi-Teshub's successor, Hattusili III and, henceforth, Egypt-Hittite relations improved significantly. Ramesses II even married two Hittite princesses, the first after his second Sed Festival. At least as early as Josephus, it was believed that Moses lived during the reign of Ramesses II (though the time of the Eighteenth Dynasty has also been suggested).

This dynasty came to an end due to internal fighting between the heirs of Merneptah for the throne. Amenmesse appears to have usurped the throne from Merneptah's son and successor, Seti II, but he ruled Egypt for only 4 years. After his death, Seti II acceded to power and deliberately destroyed most of Amenmesse's monuments. Seti II was served at Court by Chancellor Bay, who was originally just a royal scribe. Chancellor Bay quickly became one of the most powerful men in Egypt and gained the unprecedented privelege of constructing his own tomb in the Valley of the Kings (KV 17. Both Bay and Tsowret reportedly a sinister reputation in Ancient Egyptian folklore(Grimal, op. cit., p. 270). After Siptah's death, Seti II's chief wife, Twosret, ruled Egypt for 2 more Years, but she proved unable to consolidate her hold on power amid the conspiracies and powerplays being hatched at the royal court. She was likely ousted in a revolt led by Setnakhte, founder of the Twentieth Dynasty.

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