| Former capital city |
Country, empire |
Since |
Until |
Change, reason |
| Vlorë |
Albania |
1912 |
1920 |
moved to Tirana |
| Melbourne |
Australia |
1901 |
1927 |
moved to Canberra because of rivalry between Melbourne and Sydney |
| Vienna |
Holy Roman Empire |
s.XVI |
1806 |
became in Austrian Empire |
| Vienna |
Austrian Empire |
1815 |
1867 |
became in Austro-Hungarian Empire |
| Vienna |
Austro-Hungarian Empire |
1867 |
1918 |
became in Republic of Austria |
| St. George |
Bermuda (Brit.) |
|
1815 |
moved to Hamilton |
| Salvador da Bahia |
Brazil (Portuguese colony) |
1549 |
1763 |
moved to Rio de Janeiro |
| Cuzco |
Incas Empire |
13th century |
16th century |
moved to Lima after the Spanish conquest |
| Rio de Janeiro |
Brazil (Portuguese colony, Brazilian Empire and Republic) |
1763 |
1960 |
moved to Brasília |
| Belize City |
British Honduras |
|
1970 |
moved to Belmopan |
| Kingston |
Canada |
1841 |
1843 |
moved to Montreal |
| Montreal |
Canada |
1843 |
1849 |
moved to Toronto |
| Toronto |
Canada |
1849 |
1859 |
moved to Quebec City |
| Quebec City |
Canada |
1859 |
1865 |
moved to Ottawa |
| Chan Santa Cruz |
Chan Santa Cruz |
c.1852 |
1901 |
became part of Mexico |
| Anyang |
China see: Capital of China |
| Chang'an |
| Chengdu |
| Chongqing |
| Datong |
| Hangzhou |
| Hao |
| Hsinking |
| Kaifeng |
| Luoyang |
| Nanjing |
| Ye |
| Léopoldville |
Congo, Democratic Republic of the |
1960 |
1966 |
renamed Kinshasa |
| Grand Bassam |
Côte d'Ivoire |
1893 |
1900 |
moved to Bingerville |
| Bingerville |
Côte d'Ivoire |
1900 |
1933 |
moved to Abidjan |
| Abidjan |
Côte d'Ivoire |
1933 |
1983 |
moved to Yamoussoukro |
| Ciudad Trujillo |
Dominican Republic |
1930 |
1961 |
renamed Santo Domingo after the death of Trujillo |
| Roskilde |
Denmark |
10th century |
1443 |
moved to Copenhagen |
| Chelmsford |
England |
? |
? |
? |
| Winchester |
England |
10th century |
12th century |
moved to London |
| Turku |
Finland (Grand Duchy) |
13th century |
1812 |
moved to Helsinki |
| Memphis |
Egypt |
|
|
|
| Lavuka |
Fiji (Brit.) |
|
|
moved to Suva |
| Vichy |
France |
1940 |
1942 |
capital of Vichy France régime |
| Berlin |
German Empire |
1871 |
1949 |
Separation of Germany to East and West Germany |
| Plön |
German Empire |
1945 |
1945 |
Capital of the Dönitz government after Berlin was captured by the Soviet Union |
| East Berlin |
East Germany |
1949 |
1990 |
Berlin, country ceased to exist after re-unification of Germany |
| Bonn |
West Germany |
1949 |
1990 |
Berlin, country ceased to exist after re-unification of Germany |
| Cape Coast |
Gold Coast (Brit.) |
|
1877 |
moved to Accra |
| Granada |
Granada, Kingdom of |
1250 |
1492 |
Kingdom ceases to exist after the Castilian reconquest |
| Nafplion |
Greece |
1821 |
1836 |
moved to Athens |
| Bolama |
Guinea-Bissau |
1879 |
1941 |
moved to Bissau |
| Boe |
Guinea-Bissau |
1973 |
1974 |
moved back to Bissau |
| Lahaina |
Hawaii (Hawaiian monarchy) |
|
1840 |
moved to Honolulu |
| Calcutta |
India (British) |
|
1912 |
moved to New Delhi |
| Simla |
India (British) |
|
|
Summer capital |
| Persepolis |
Iran (Persia) |
c.2500 B.C |
|
|
| Ctesiphon |
Iran |
|
|
|
| Tabriz |
Iran |
Safavid period |
|
moved to Qazvin (Being to close to the Ottoman border). |
| Qazvin |
Iran |
Safavid period |
|
moved to Isfahan |
| Isfahan |
Iran |
Safavid period |
|
moved to Shiraz |
| Shiraz |
Iran |
Zand dynasty |
|
moved to Tehran |
| Hebron |
Israel, King David's Kingdom of |
c. 1007 B.C. |
c. 1000 B.C. |
moved to Jerusalem when the kingdom is reunited under King David |
| Tel Aviv |
Israel, State of |
May 1948 |
December 1948 |
moved to Jerusalem (Tel Aviv was intended to be only temporary) |
| Torino |
Italy, Kingdom of |
1861 |
1865 |
moved to Florence |
| Florence |
Italy, Kingdom of |
1865 |
1871 |
moved to Rome |
| Heijo-kyo (Nara) |
Japan (Nara period) |
|
784 |
|
| Kyoto |
Japan |
|
1868 |
moved to Tokyo (see also: Capital of Japan debate) |
| Alma-Atta |
Kazakhstan |
1992 |
1993 |
renamed Almaty |
| Almaty (Alma-Atta) |
Kazakhstan |
1993 |
1998 |
moved to Astana |
| Jerusalem |
Kingdom of Jerusalem |
1099 |
1187 |
moved to Acre (Jerusalem captured by Saladin) |
| Acre |
Kingdom of Jerusalem |
1187 |
1291 |
Kingdom ceases to exist |
| Kaunas |
Lithuania |
1922 |
1940 |
moved back to Vilnius |
| Płock |
Masovia |
c.1038 |
1047 |
Masovia reincorporated into Poland |
| Płock |
Masovia |
1138 |
1313 |
moved to Czersk |
| Czersk |
Masovia |
1313 |
1413 |
moved to Warsaw |
| Warsaw |
Masovia |
1413 |
1526 |
Masovia reincorporated into Poland |
| Iaşi |
Moldavia |
|
1862 |
unified with Wallachia to form Romania |
| Cetinje |
Montenegro |
|
1946 |
moved to Podgorica |
| St. John's |
Newfoundland (British colony and Dominion) |
1855 |
1949 |
entered confederation with Canada |
| Russell |
New Zealand |
1840 |
1841 |
moved to Auckland |
| Auckland |
New Zealand |
1841 |
1865 |
moved to Wellington |
| Lagos |
Nigeria |
|
1991 |
moved to Abuja |
| Trondheim |
Norway |
997 |
1070 |
moved to Bergen |
| Bergen |
Norway |
1070 |
1299 |
moved to Oslo |
| Oslo |
Norway |
1299 |
1624 |
renamed Christiania |
| Christiania |
Norway |
1624 |
1924 |
renamed Oslo |
| Karachi |
Pakistan |
|
1959 |
moved to Rawalpindi |
| Rawalpindi |
Pakistan |
|
1967 |
moved to Islamabad |
| Gaza City |
State of Palestine |
|
From September till October 1, 1948 |
moved to East Jerusalem |
| Quezon City |
Philippines |
1948 |
1976 |
moved to Manila |
| Gniezno |
Poland |
10th century |
1038 |
moved to Krakow |
| Poznań |
Poland |
10th century |
1038 |
moved to Kraków |
| Kraków |
Poland |
1038 |
1079 |
moved to Płock |
| Płock |
Poland |
1079 |
1138 |
moved to Kraków |
| Kraków |
Poland |
1138 |
1290 |
moved to Poznań |
| Poznań |
Poland |
1290 |
1296 |
moved to Krakow |
| Kraków |
Poland |
1296 |
1596 |
moved to Warsaw |
| Paris |
Poland |
1939 |
1940 |
Government in exile |
| London |
Poland |
1940 |
1990 |
Government in exile |
| Lublin |
Poland |
1944 |
1945 |
de facto capital |
| Łódź |
Poland |
1945 |
1947 |
de facto capital |
| Porto |
Portugal, County of |
868 |
1071 |
Lost of Autonomy (Count Nuno mendes is defeated) when regained moved to Guimarães in 1095 |
| Guimarães |
Portugal, County/Kingdom of |
1095 |
12th century |
moved to Coimbra |
| Coimbra |
Portugal, Kingdom of |
12th century |
1255 |
moved to Lisbon |
| Lisbon |
Portugal, Kingdom of |
1255 |
1808 |
moved to Rio de Janeiro |
| Rio de Janeiro |
Portugal, Kingdom of |
1808 |
1821 |
moved to Lisbon |
| Moscow |
Russian Empire |
13th century |
1712 |
moved to Saint Petersburg |
| Saint Petersburg |
Russian empire |
1712 |
1914 |
renamed Petrograd |
| Petrograd |
Russia |
1914 |
1918 |
moved to Moscow |
| Dariyah |
Saudi state |
|
1818 |
moved to Riyadh |
| Perth |
Scotland |
846 |
1452 |
moved to Edinburgh |
| Edinburgh |
Scotland |
1452 |
1707 |
Scotland joined United Kingdom of Great Britain. |
| Tulaghi |
Solomon Islands |
|
|
moved to Honiara |
| Saigon |
South Vietnam |
1954 |
1975 |
Hanoi, country ceased to exist after unification of Vietnam |
| Aden |
South Yemen |
1967 |
1990 |
San'a, country ceased to exist after unification of Yemen |
| Valladolid |
Spain |
1600 |
1606 |
moved to Madrid |
| San Sebastián |
Spain |
19th century |
|
Summer capital |
| Valencia |
Spain |
1936 |
1939 |
Government of the Second Spanish Republic in the Spanish Civil War |
| Columbia, Texas |
Republic of Texas |
1836 |
1837 |
moved to Houston, Texas |
| Houston, Texas |
Republic of Texas |
1837 |
1839 |
moved to Austin, Texas |
| Austin, Texas |
Republic of Texas |
1839 |
1845 |
Texas annexed by United States |
| Aneho |
Togo |
1880s |
1897 |
moved to Lomé |
| Cluj |
Transylvania |
|
1918 |
Unification with Romania. |
| Manua, Tonga |
Tonga |
|
|
|
| San Jose de Oruña (St. Joseph) |
Trinidad (Spanish) |
1592 |
1783 |
moved to Puerto de España (Port-of-Spain) |
| Philadelphia |
United States |
1776 |
1776 |
moved to Baltimore |
| Baltimore |
United States |
1776 |
1777 |
moved back to Philadelphia |
| Philadelphia |
United States |
1777 |
1777 |
moved to Lancaster |
| Lancaster |
United States |
1777 |
1777 |
moved to York after one day |
| York |
United States |
1777 |
1778 |
moved back to Philadelphia |
| Philadelphia |
United States |
1778 |
1783 |
moved to Princeton |
| Princeton |
United States |
1783 |
1783 |
moved to Annapolis |
| Annapolis |
United States |
1783 |
1784 |
moved to Trenton |
| Trenton |
United States |
1784 |
1785 |
moved to New York |
| New York |
United States |
1785 |
1790 |
moved back to Philadelphia |
| Philadelphia |
United States |
1790 |
1800 |
moved to Washington, DC |
| Samarkand |
Uzbekistan (SSR) |
1925 |
1930s |
moved to Tashkent |
| Bursa |
Ottoman empire |
1335 |
1365 |
moved to Edirne |
| Edirne |
Ottoman empire |
1365 |
1453 |
moved to Constantinople (Istanbul) |
| Constantinople |
Ottoman empire |
1453 |
1923 |
country ceased to exist |
| Port-of-Spain |
West Indies Federation |
1958 |
1962 |
country ceased to exist |
| Câmpulung |
Wallachia |
13th century |
15th century |
moved to Târgovişte |
| Târgovişte |
Wallachia |
|
1698 |
moved to Bucharest |
| Taiz |
Yemen |
1948 |
1962 |
moved to San'a |
| Mérida |
Yucatán |
1840 |
1847 |
reunited with Mexico |