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This is the first of two pages. See also Latin verbs (2)
This list of Latin verbs includes all four principal parts (three in the case of deponent verbs, semi-deponent verbs, and certain passives ) of the verbs in this order (all are 1st person, singular, active, indicative):
1- present
2- infinitive
3- past perfect
4- passive perfect participle .
(Most derivatives descend from principal parts 1 and 4)
For full conjugation of all forms of a verb (person , number , tense , voice , mood ) see Latin conjugation .
This list includes a list of English derivatives of these verbs (except when there are none). Any verb included in the etymology of another verb is included in the list and the derivatives will be found at the least complex verb (example- the derivative accessible is found under cēdere rather than accēdere) EXCEPT when 1. the assumed relation of the more complex verb to the simpler verb involves an unattested form (see sūmō) 2. the complex verb contains a noun or adjective instead of a prefix (see aedificare).
Many of these derivatives contain affixes or their forms are considerably different from their Classical Latin forms. Many have also undergone semantic change and their modern meanings may be difficult to relate to the Latin etymon . Also, only a limited number of meanings is given for each Latin verb. In any of these cases it is best to look at that specific word's etymology . The List of English prefixes and List of English suffixes may also be helpful. The external links 1 within the text go to the hypothetical Indo-European root for that particular verb.
A
abluō, abluěre, abluī, ablūtus "to wash away" AND1lt; ab- + luěre (see luō). see lavō for derivatives
accēdō, accēdere, accessī, accessum. "to come up to, approach" AND1lt; ad- + cēdō
accendō, accendere, accendī, accēnsus. "to set fire to" AND1lt; ad- + candō
accidit, accidere, accidit. "it happens" AND1lt; ad- + cadō
accipiō, accipere, accēpī, acceptum. "to accept, receive" AND1lt; ad- + capiō
adiūtō, adiūtāre, adiutāvī, adiutātum "to help" AND1lt; ad- + iutō AND1lt; iutum, the passive perfect participle of iuvāre (iuvō) adjutant , aid
adveniō, advenīre, advēnī, adventum. "to arrive" AND1lt; ad- + veniō
aedifcō, aedificāre, aedificāvī, aedificātum. "to build, erect buildings" AND1lt; aedis "building" originally "hearth, fireplace" + facere (see faciō) edification, edifice, edify
agō, agere, ēgī, actum. "to do, act, drive, conduct, lead, weigh, manage" act , active , actor , actual, actualism , actuary , actuate , agenda , agent , agile , agitation , allege , ambage, ambiguous , assay , cache , coagulation , cogent , essay , exact, exacta , examination , exigent , exiguous, fumigation , fustigate, intransigent, levigate, litigate , navigate , objurgate, prodigal , redaction , retroactive , squat , transaction , variegation 2
ambulō, ambulāre, ambulāvī, ambulatum "walk" alley , alley-oop, ambulance , ambulate , andante , funambulist , perambulator , preamble 3
amō, amāre, amāvī, amatum "to love" amore, amour , paramour
aperiō, aperīre, aperuī, apertum "to open, uncover" aperient , apéritif , aperture overt , overture , pert 4
appellō, appellāre, appellāvī, appellatum "to call (by name), entreat, speak to, accost" AND1lt; ad- + pellō
arceō, arcēre, arcuī "to enclose, keep out/off, prevent, stop" (no direct derivatives) BUT see exerceō
ardeō, ardēre, arsī, arsus "to burn, be on fire" AND1lt; aridus "dry, parched" AND1lt; arēre
areō, arēre "to be dry" ardent , ardor , arid arson
ascendō, ascendere, ascendī, ascensum "to climb" AND1lt; ad- + scandere
audio, audīre, audīvī, audītum "to hear" audible , audience , audile, audio , audit , audition , auditor , auditorium , auditory , oyez , obey , subaudition 5
augeō, augēre, auxī, auctus "to increase, augment"auction , augend , augment , author , authorize 6
B
bibō, bibere, bibī, "to drink" beer , beverage , bib, bibulous imbibe, imbrue 7
C
cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsum "to fall, kill, die, be killed, happen, fail, belong" cadaver , cadence , cadent, caducous, cascade , case , casual , casualty , casuist , chance , chute accident , decay , deciduous , escheat , incident , occasion, occident , recidivism 8
caedō, caeděre, cecīdī, caesus "to cut, kill, hack (at), strike" abscise, caesura , cement , cestus , chisel, –cide as in suicide , circumcise , concise, decide, excise , incise, precise, recision, scissors 9
candeō, candēre, canduī "to shine, glitter, be shining white, be white-hot" candelabrum , candelilla , candent, candescence, candid, candida , candidate , candle , candor incandescence 10
canō, canere, cecinī, cantum "to sing" accent , canorous, cant , cantabile , cantata , canticle , cantillation , canto , cantor , canzone , chant , chanteuse, chantey , chanticleer , chantry , descant , enchant , incantation , incentive , precentor , recant, shanty 11
capiō, capere, cēpi, captum "to take, capture" cable , cacciatore , caitiff , capable, capacious, capacity , capias , capstan , caption , captious, captivate, captive, captor, capture , catch , cater, chase , cop , copper accept , anticipate, catchpole , conceive, conception , deceive , except, inception, inceptive , incipient, intercept , intussusception , municipal , nuncupative, occupant , occupy, participation , perceive , precept , receive , recipe , recover, recuperation , susceptible 12
caveō, cavēre, cāvī, cautum "to guard against, beware of" caution , caveat , cave canem
cēdo, cēdere, cessi, cessus "to go, move, concede, withdraw, yield" abscess , accede, access , accessible , ancestor , antecedent , cease, cede , cession , concede, decease, exceed , expulsion ,incessant, intercede, precedent , predecessor, procession , recession , retrocede, secession , succession 13
cēnō, cēnāre, cēnī, cēnātum "to dine" AND1lt; cēna "meal" cenacle 14
cieō, ciēre, cīvī, citus "to set in motion, rouse, bring about, make" cite , excite , incite, oscitancy, resuscitate, solicitous 15
circumveniō, circumvenīre, circumvēnī, circumventum "to surround, go around" AND1lt;circum + venīre
clāmō, clāmāre, clāmāvī, clāmātum "shout, call, cry out" acclaim , claim , clamant, clamor, declaim, exclaim, proclaim, reclaim 16
claudō, claudere, clausi, clausum "to shut, close" clause , claustrophobic , cloister , close, close, exclude, include , preclude, recluse , seclude, seclusion
cognoscō, cognoscere, cognōvī, cognitum acquaint, cognition , cognizance , connoisseur , incognito, notice , notify, notion , notorious , quaint, recognize, reconnaissance , reconnoiter 17
colligō, colligere, collēgī, collectum AND1lt; con- + legō
colō, colere, coluī, cultum "to cultivate, till, inhabit, worship" colony , cult , cultivate , culture , Kultur , incult, inquiline, nidicolous, silvicolous 18
compellō, compellāre, compellāvī, compellatum "to drive (together), compel, force" AND1lt; con- + pellō
condō, condere, condidī, conditus "to found, establish, put" abscond , incondite, recondite, sconce 19
cōnficiō, cōnficere, cōnfēcī, cōnfectum "finish" AND1lt; con- + faciō
cōnfidō, confīdere, confīsus sum "to trust" AND1lt; con- + fīdō
coniciō, conicěre, coniēcī, coniectus "to hurl" AND1lt; con- + iaciō
conspiciō, conspicer, conspexī, conspectum "to catch sight of" AND1lt; con- + speciō
cōnstituō, cōnstituěre, cōnstituī, cōnstitūtum "to set up, erect, settle (on)" AND1lt; con- + statuō
contendō, contendere, contendī, contentum "stretch, aim, strain, exert" AND1lt; con- + tendō
conveniō, convenīre, convēnī, conventum " to (go to) meet, interview, walk, march" AND1lt; con- + veniō
convoco, concocāre, convocāvī, convocātum "to convoke" AND1lt; con- + vocō
crēdo, crēděre, crēdidī, crum "to lend, loan, believe, trust, accept as true" credence , credible , cr , credo , credulous, grant , incredible, miscreant, recreant 20
crēsco, crēscere, crēvī, crētus "to grow (up), increase, arise, come into being" accrue, concrescence, concrete , crescendo , crescent , crew , decrease, excrescence, increase, recruit
cupio, cupěre, (cupīvī OR cupiī), cupītum "to wish, be eager for, long for, desire" covet, covetous, cupescence, Cupid , cupidity
cūrō, cūrāre, cūrāvī, cūrātum "to take care of, look after" curative, cure , procure, secure , security
currō, currere, cucurrī, cursum "to run (over), traverse, pass, skim over" concourse , concur, corral, corrida , corrido , corridor , corsair , courante , courier , course , current , cursive , cursor , curule, decurrent, discourse , excursion, hussar , incur, intercourse , kraal , occur, percurrent, precursor , recourse, recur, succor 21
custōdiō, custōdīre, custōdīvī, custōdītum "to guard, protect, watch (over), hold in custody" AND1lt; cust-ōs, -ōdis "guard" custodian , custodial, custody 22
D
dēbēo, dēbēre, dēbuī, dēbitum "to have to, owe, be responsible for, be obliged to" ALSO "I ought to, I must" debenture , debit , debt , devoir , due, duty , endeavor 23
dēdō, dēdere, dēdidī, dēditum "to give up, surrender" (no direct English derivatives) AND1lt; de- + dō
dēfendō, dēfendēre, defendī, dēfensum "to defend" AND1lt;de- + fendere (attested only in prefixed compound verbs. see offendo) defend, defense , fence , fend
dēpōnō, dēpōnere, dēposuī, dēpositum "to put down/aside, get rid of, deposit " AND1lt; de- + pōnō
despērō despērāre, despērāvī, despērātum "to despair, give up hope" AND1lt; de- + spērō
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum "to speak, say" addict , benediction , condition ,contradict, dictate, diction , dictum , ditto , ditty, edict , fatidic, herb bennet, indict , indiction , indite, interdict , juridical, jurisdiction , maledict , malison, predict , valediction, verdict , veridical, voir dire 24
dictō, dictāre, dictāvī, dictātum "to say (again), reiterate, suggest, remind" AND1lt; passive perfect participle of dīcō
dīmittō, dīmittěre, dīmttīvī, dīmissus "to send away, let go, dismiss" AND1lt;di(s)- + mittō
discēdō, discēdere, discessī, discessum "to go away, depart" AND1lt; dis- + cēdō (no direct English derivatives) but see cēdō
discō, discěre, didǐcī "to learn, get to know, be told" disciple , discipline 25
dō, dare, dědī, datus "to give, offer, dedicate, pay out" add , betray, dado , date , dative , data , datum , die , ion , perdition , render , rendition , rent , surrender , tradition , traitor , treason , vend
doceō docere, docuī, doctum "to teach, i.e. to cause to accept" docent , docile, doctor , doctrine , document
dormiō dormīre, dormīvī, dormītum dorm , dormancy , dormant , dormer , dormitory , dormouse
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductum "to lead" abducens , abduct , adduce, aqueduct , circumduction, con , condottiere , conduce, conduct , deduce, deduct, doge , douche , ducal , ducat ,duce , duchess , duchy , duct , ductile , duke , educe, endue, induce, introduce, produce , redoubt , reduce , seduction , subduction , subdue ,traduce, transducer
E
edō, (ēsse OR edere), ēdī, ēsus "to eat" edacious, edible , escarole, esculent, esurient; comedo , comestible, obese
efficiō, efficere, effēcī, effectum AND1lt; ex- + facere (see faciō)
emō, emere, ēmī, ēmptum "to buy, pay (for), take, gain, obtain, bribe" ademption , example , exemplary, exemplify, exemplum , exempt , impromptu , peremptory , preemption , premium , prompt , pronto, ransom , redeem , redemption , sample , vintage
eō, īre, īī, itum "to go" adit , ambient , ambition , circuit , coitus , comitia , exit , introit , issue , obituary , perish, praetor , preterit , preterite , sion , subito, sudden , trance , transient , transit , transitive
errō, errāre, errāvī, errātum "to wander, err" aberration , err , erratic, erratum, erroneous, error
ēvādō, ēvādere, ēvāsī, ēvāsum "escape" AND1lt; ex- + vādō
ēvigilō, ēvigilāre, ēvigilāvī, ēvigilātum "to be awake, to watch/work/etc. through the night" (no direct derivatives) BUT AND1lt; ex- + vigilō
excitō, excitāre, excitāvī, excitātum "to awaken, excite" AND1lt; ex- + citare AND1lt; citus, passive perfect participle of cieō
exeō, exīre, exīī, exitum "to go out" AND1lt; ex- + eō
exerceō, exercēre, exercuī, exercitus "to train, execrcise" AND1lt; ex- + arceō exercise
exspectō, exspectāre, exspectāvī, exspectātum "to wait (for), expect" AND1lt; ex- + the passive perfect participle of speciō
F
faciō, facere, fēcī, factum "to make, do, fashion, create, frame, build" affair , affect , affect , affection , amplify , artifact , artificial , beatification , benefactive , benefic ,benefice , beneficence , benefit , chafe , comfit, confectionary , confetti , counterfeit , defeasance , defeatism , defect , deficient , discomfit, effect , efficacy , efficient , -facient, facsimile , fact , faction , factitious, factitive, factor , factotum , faena , fashion (verb), feat, feature , feckless, fetish , -fic, -fy, forfeit , hacienda , infect , justify , malefactor, malfeasance , manufacture ,misfeasance , modifier , mollifiers , nidify , notification , nullifiers , officinal, orifice , perfect , petrify , pluperfect , pontifex , prefect , proficient, profit , putrefy, qualify, quantify, rarefy, rectify, refect, refectory , rubefacient , sacrifice , satisfy, spinifex , suffice , sufficient , surfeit, tubifex, tumefacient, vivify
faveō, favēre, fāvī, fautum "to favor, support" favor , favorite
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātum "to carry, bear" (from principal parts 1 & 2)- afferent , circumference , confer , defer, differ, efferent , –fer (as in aquifer ), fertile , infer , offer , prefer , proffer , refer , suffer , transfer , vociferous26 (from principal part 4)- ablation , ablative , allative , collate , dilatory, elate, elative , illation, illative , legislator , oblate , prelate , prolate , relate, sublate, superlative , translate
festīnō, festīnāre, festīnāvī, festīnātum "to hurry, bustle, speed (up)" festinate, festination
fīdō, fīděre, fīsus sum "to trust, confide (in)" affiance, affiant, affidavit , confidant, confide, confident, defiance , defy , diffident, fiancé , fiducial , fiduciary , perfidy
fiō, fīerī, factus sum "to become" fiat
fleō, flēre, flēvī, flētum "to weep" feeble
frangō, frangere, frēgī, frāctum "to break" anfractuous, chamfer , defray, diffraction , fractal , fracted, fraction , fractious, fracture , fragile , fragment, frail, frangible, infract, infrangible, infringe, irrefrangible, ossifrage , refract , refrain , refringent, sassafras , saxifrage , septifragal
fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fūgitum "to flee" centrifuge , feverfew , fugitive , tempus fugit
G
gaudeō, gaudēre, gāvīsus sum "to rejoice" enjoy, gaud, gaudy , gaudy , joy rejoice
gerō, gerere, gessī, gessum "to carry, bear, wear" dentigerous, gesticulation, gesture
H
habeō, habēre, habuī, habitum "to hold, possess, have, handle" able, avoirdupois , binnacle , cohabit, exhibit , habile , habit , habitable, habitant , habitat , inhabit , inhibit , malady , prebend , prohibit, provender
habitō, habitāre, habitāvī, habitātum "to live (somewhere), dwell" AND1lt; habeō
I
iaceō, iacēre, iacuī, iacitum "to lie (down), be situated, i.e. to be thrown" AND1lt; following verb
iaciō, iacěre, iēcī, iactus "to throw, cast" abject , adjacent , adjective , amice , circumjacent , conjecture , deject, ejaculate , eject , gist, gite , inject , interject, jactitation , jess , jet , jeté, jetsam , jettison , jetty , joist , jut, object , parget , project , reject , subjacent, subject , superjacent, traject
imperō, imperāre, imperāvī, imperātum "to give orders, demand, (be in) command" AND1lt; in + parō
incendō, incendere, incendī, incensus "to light (up), set on fire, burn, make bright, inflame, excite, enrage" AND1lt; candō or just from the same root incendiary , incense , incense , frankincense
induō, induere, indui, indūtum "to don (something), put on (clothes)" endue, indue, indument
ineō, inīre, iniī, initum "to start, begin, enter" AND1lt; in + eō or simply from the same base and thought of as a compound in Latin. commence, initial , initiate
īnsum, inesse, īnfuī, infutūrus (no direct English derivatives) AND1lt; in + sum
intellegō, intellegere, intellēxī, intellēctum "to gather, understand" AND1lt; inter- + lěgo
intersum, interesse, interfuī, interfutūrus "to be in, among" AND1lt; inter- + sum
intrō, intrāre, antrāvī, intrātum AND1lt; intra- + -are (verbal suffix) enter , entrance
inveniō, invenīre, invēnī, inventum "to find, come upon, discover, invent" AND1lt; in- + veniō
invideō, invidēre, invīdī, invīsuum "to envy, begrudge, be jealous" AND1lt; in + videō
iubeō, iubere, iussī, iussum "to order, decree, designate, appoint" jussive
iuvō, iuvāre, iuvāvī, iuvātum "to help, give an advantage (to), benefit" (no direct derivatives, but see adiutō)
J & K
Most words with a 'j' that are descended from Latin were originally written in Classical Latin with an 'i' and appear there in this list to avoid redundancy (ex. jaceō and iaceō are the same verb). The letter 'k' was very rare in Latin and only occasionally used in words of Ancient Greek origin in place of kappa or in foreign and personal names. The 'hard k' sound in Latin is represented by 'c' which was never a 'soft c' (as in Modern English 'century').
See also
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