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July 17 leap years ) of the year in the Gregorian calendar , with 167 days remaining.
Events
180 - Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa, executed for being Christians. This is the earliest record of Christianity in that part of the world.1203 - Fourth Crusade captures Constantinople by assault; the Byzantine emperor Alexius III Angelus flees from his capital into exile.1453 - Hundred Years' War : The French under Jean Bureau utterly defeat the English under the Earl of Shrewsbury , who is killed in the Battle of Castillon at Gascony 1762 - Catherine II becomes tzar of Russia upon the murder of Peter III of Russia .1771 - Massacre at Bloody Falls: Chipewyan chief Matonabbee traveling as the guide to Samuel Hearne on his arctic overland journey, massacre a group of unsuspecting Inuit .1791 - Massacre at the Champ de Mars , Paris, during the French Revolution . 1200-1500 people were killed, including women and children.1815 - Napoleonic Wars : In France , Napoleon surrenders at Rochefort, Charente-Maritime to British forces.1816 - The French passenger ship Medusa Senegal , with 140 lives lost in the botched rescue that takes weeks, leading to a scandal in the French government.1897 - Klondike gold rush begins when first successful prospectors arrive in Seattle, Washington , USA.1898 - Spanish-American War : Battle of Santiago Bay - Troops under United States General William R. Shafter take the city of Santiago de Cuba from the Spanish .1899 - NEC Corporation is organized as the first Japanese joint venture with foreign capital.1917 - King George V of the United Kingdom issues a Proclamation stating that the male line descendants of the British royal family will bear the surname Windsor .1936 - Spanish Civil War : An Armed Forces rebellion against the recently-elected leftist Popular Front government of Spain starts the Spanish civil war .1944 - Port Chicago disaster : Near the San Francisco Bay , two ships laden with ammunition for the war explode in Port Chicago, California killing 232.1944 - World War II : The largest convoy of the war embarks from Halifax, Nova Scotia under Royal Canadian Navy protection.
1945 - World War II: Potsdam Conference - At Potsdam , the three main Allied leaders begin their final summit of the war. The meeting will end on August 2 .1955 - Disneyland opens in Anaheim, California .1962 - Nuclear testing : The "Small Boy" test shot Little Feller I becomes the last atmospheric test detonation at the Nevada Test Site .1975 - Apollo-Soyuz Test Project : An American Apollo and a Soviet Soyuz spacecraft dock with each other in orbit marking the first such link-up between spacecraft from the two nations.1975 - History of East Timor : East Timor was annexed , and became the 27th province of Indonesia .
1979 - Nicaraguan president General Anastasio Somoza Debayle resigns and flees to Miami .1981 - Hyatt Regency walkway collapse : Two skywalks filled with people at the Hyatt Regency Hotel in Kansas City, Missouri collapse into a crowded atrium lobby killing 114.1984 - Laurent Fabius becomes Prime Minister of France 1995 - The Midwestern heat wave in the United States reaches its peak. Chicago, Illinois and Milwaukee, Wisconsin , among other cities, set all-time high temperature records. The heat claims over 400 lives on this day alone.1995 - The Nasdaq stock index closes above the 1,000 mark for the first time.
1996 - Off the coast of Long Island, New York , a Paris ound Boeing 747 carrying TWA flight 800 explodes, killing all 230 on board.1997 - The F.W. Woolworth Company closes after 117 years in business.1998 - In St. Petersburg , Nicholas II of Russia and his family are buried in St. Catherine Chapel 80 years after he and his family were killed by Bolsheviks .1998 - A tsunami triggered by an undersea earthquake destroys 10 villages in Papua New Guinea killing an estimated 1,500, leaving 2,000 more unaccounted for and thousands more homeless.
1998 - Biologists report in the journal Science genome of the bacterium that causes syphilis , Treponema pallidum .
Births
1487 - Ismail I , Shah of Persia (d. 1524 )1591 - Anne Hutchinson , English Puritan preacher (d. 1643 )1674 - Isaac Watts , English hymnwriter (d. 1748 )1698 - Pierre Louis Maupertuis , French mathematician (d. 1759 )1831 - Xianfeng , Emperor of China (d. 1861 )1839 - Ephraim Shay , American inventor (d. 1916 1877 - Ernst von Dohnanyi , Hungarian conductor (d. 1960 )1888 - Shmuel Yosef Agnon , Israeli writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1970 )1899 - James Cagney , American actor (d. 1986 )1899 - Erle Stanley Gardner , American author (d. 1970 )
1901 - Bruno Jasieński , Polish poet (d. 1938 )1912 - Art Linkletter , Canadian television host1917 - Phyllis Diller , American comedienne1918 - Carlos Manuel Arana Osorio , President of Guatemala (d. 2003 )1920 - Juan Antonio Samaranch , Spanish chairman of the International Olympic Committee1920 - Kenneth Wolstenholme , English sports commentator (d. 2002 )
1928 - Vince Guaraldi , American musician and composer (d. 1976 )1935 - Donald Sutherland , Canadian actor1938 - Franz Alt , Austrian-born journalist1941 - Spencer Davis , British singer and guitarist (Spencer Davis Group )1941 - Jürgen Flimm , German theatre director and manager
1942 - Tim Brooke-Taylor , English comedian1947 - Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall 1949 - Charlie Steiner , American sports broadcaster1952 - David Hasselhoff , American actor and musician1954 - Angela Merkel , Chancellor of Germany 1954 - J. Michael Straczynski , American author
1960 - Mark Burnett , English-born television producer1960 - Jan Wouters , Dutch football player and manager
1963 - Matti Nykänen , Finnish ski jumper1965 - Craig Morgan , American singer1971 - Cory Doctorow , Canadian author and activist1973 - Eric Moulds , American football player1975 - Konnie Huq , English television presenter
Deaths
1070 - Baldwin VI, Count of Flanders (b. 1030 )1086 - King Canute IV of Denmark 1105 - Rashi , French rabbi and commentator (b. 1040 )1453 - John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury , English military leader1531 - Hosokawa Takakuni , Japanese military commander (b. 1484 )1566 - Bartolomé de Las Casas , Spanish priest (b. 1484 )1571 - Georg Fabricius , German poet and historian (b. 1516 )1588 - Sinan , Ottoman architect (b. 1489 )1645 - Robert Carr, 1st Earl of Somerset , Scottish politician1704 - Pierre-Charles Le Sueur , French fur trader and explorer1709 - Robert Bolling , English settler in Virginia (b. 1646 )1790 - Adam Smith , Scottish economist (b. 1723 )1793 - Charlotte Corday , French aristocrat and murderer (b. 1768 )1878 - Aleardo Aleardi , Italian poet (b. 1812 )1887 - Dorothea Dix , American social activist (b. 1802 )1917 - Hector Malot , French writer (b. 1830 )1918 (N.S.) - Family of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia (b. 1868 )
1928 - Giovanni Giolitti , Italian statesman (b. 1842 )1959 - Billie Holiday , American singer (b. 1915 )1959 - Eugene Meyer , American businessman and newspaper publisher (b. 1875 )
1961 - Ty Cobb , baseball player (b. 1886 )1967 - John Coltrane , American musician (b. 1926 )1975 - Konstantine Gamsakhurdia , Georgian writer and public benefactor (b. 1893 )1980 - Boris Delaunay , Russian mathematician (b. 1890)
Holidays and observances
south korea amuel's accident
External links
July 16 - July 18 - June 16 - August 18 -- listing of all days
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