Japanese numerals Did You Mean Japanese?

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Numeral systems

Arabic (Hindu)
Arabic (Abjad)
Armenian
Attic (Greek)
Babylonian
Brahmi
Chinese
Cyrillic
D'ni (fictional)
Egyptian
Etruscan
Greek
Hebrew
Indian
Ionian (Greek)
Japanese
Khmer
Mayan
Roman
Thai

Unary (1)
Binary (2)
Ternary (3)
Quinary (5)
Senary (6)
Octal (8)
Decimal (10)
Duodecimal (12)
Hexadecimal (16)
Vigesimal (20)
Quadrovigesimal (24)
Hexavigesimal (26)
Septemvigesimal (27)
Hexatridecimal (36)
Sexagesimal (60)

The system of Japanese numerals is the system of number names used in the Japanese language.

Have to see

1 Basic numbering in Japanese
2 Powers of 10
- 2.1 Large numbers
- 2.2 Decimal fractions
3 Formal numbers
4 See also
5 External links

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Basic numbering in Japanese

(Some numbers have multiple names.)

Number	Character	Preferred reading	On reading / 音読み	Kun reading / 訓読み
0	零／〇	zero	rei / れい	(none)
1	一	ichi	ichi, itsu / いち、いつ	hito (abbrev. hi) / ひと(つ)
2	二	ni	ni, ji / に、じ	futa (abbrev. fu) / ふた(つ)
3	三	san	san / さん	mi / みっ(つ)
4	四	yon	shi / し	yo / よっ(つ)
5	五	go	go / ご	itsu / いつ(つ)
6	六	roku	roku, riku / ろく、りく	mu / むっ(つ)
7	七	nana	shichi, shitsu / しち、しつ	nana / なな(つ)
8	八	hachi	hachi, hatsu / はち、はつ	ya / や(つ)、や(っつ)
9	九	kyū	kyū, ku / きゅう、く	kokono / ここの(つ)
10	十	jū	jū / じゅう	tō / とお
100	百	hyaku	hyaku / ひゃく	(momo / もも)
1,000	千	sen	sen / せん	(chi / ち)
10,000	万	man	man, ban / まん、ばん	(yorozu / よろず)
8,000,000	八百万	happyakuman	happyakuman	(yaoyorozu* / やおよろず)

* In modern Japanese, yaoyorozu means something more like "myriad", and is mainly found in set phrases. Historically, however, it simply meant 8 million.

The numbers 4 and 9 are considered unlucky in Japanese: 4, pronounced shi, is a homophone for "death"; 9, when pronounced ku, is a homophone for "suffering." The number 13 is also considered unlucky, though this is a carryover from Western tradition.

In modern Japanese, the kun readings are only used for single digit numbers and day-of-month names, although in many contexts the on readings will be used instead. Intermediate numbers are made by combining these elements:

Tens from 20 to 90 are "(digit)-jū".
Hundreds from 200 to 900 are "(digit)-hyaku".
Thousands from 2000 to 9000 are "(digit)-sen".
There are some phonetic modifications to larger numbers, but they are a minor detail.

In large numbers, elements are combined from largest to smallest, and zeros are implied.

十一	11	jū-ichi
十七	17	jū-nana, jū-shichi
百五十一	151	hyaku go-jū ichi
三百二	302	sam-byaku-ni
四百六十九	469	yon-hyaku roku-jū kyū
二千二十五	2025	ni-sen ni-jū go

Powers of 10

Large numbers

Following Chinese tradition, large numbers are created by grouping digits in myriads (every 10,000) rather than the Western thousands (1000):

Rank	10⁴	10⁸	10¹²	10¹⁶	10²⁰
Character	万	億	兆	京	垓
Name	man	oku	chō	kei	gai

Examples: (spacing by groups of four digits is given only for clarity of explanation)
1`0000 : 一万 : ichi-man
983`6703 : 九百八十三万六千七百三 : kyū-hyaku hachi-jū san man, roku-sen nana-hyaku san
20`3652`1801 : 二十億三千六百五十二万千八百一 : ni-jū oku, san-zen rop-pyaku go-jū ni-man, sen hap-pyaku ichi

However, numbers written in Arabic numerals are separated by commas every three digits following Western convention.

In Japanese, when long numbers are written out in kanji, zeros are omitted for all powers of ten. Hence 302 is 三百二. In contrast, Chinese requires the use of 零 wherever a zero appears, e.g. 三百零二 for 302.

Decimal fractions

Japanese also has numerals for decimal fractions, though they are no longer in general use except for batting and fielding averages of baseball players, winning percentages for sports teams, and in some idiomatic phrases (such as 五分五分の勝負 "fifty-fifty chance"), and when representing a rate or discount.

To represent these decimal fractions of rate or discount, the following words are used:

Rank	10^-1	10^-2	10^-3	10^-4	10^-5
Character	割	分	厘	毛	糸
Reading	wari	bu	rin	mou	shi

For example:
一割五分引き ichi-wari go-bu biki "15% discount"
打率三割八分九厘 daritsu san-wari hachi-bu kyū-rin "batting average .389"

With the exception of wari, these are rarely seen in modern usage. Decimal fractions are typically written with either kanji numerals (vertically) or Arabic numerals (horizontally), preceded by a decimal point, and are read as successive digits, as in Western convention. Note that they can be combined with either the traditional system of expressing numerals (42.195 kilometers: 四十二・一九五キロメートル), in which powers of ten are written, or with the place value system, which uses zero (50.04 percent: 五〇・〇四パーセント).

Formal numbers

Japanese has a separate set of kanji for numerals called daiji (大字) used in legal and financial documents to prevent an unscrupulous person from adding a stroke or two, turning a one into a two or a three. These are

Formal	Common	Arabic
壱	一	1
弐	二	2
参	三	3
肆	四	4
伍	五	5
陸	六	6
漆	七	7
捌	八	8
玖	九	9
拾	十	10
廿	二十	20
佰	百	100
仟	千	1,000
萬	万	10,000

External links

1 in Japanese
Ancient Japanese number system

~ Did You mean . . .

Japanese numerals?

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Contents

Basic numbering in Japanese

Powers of 10

Large numbers

Decimal fractions

Formal numbers

See also

External links

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