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Česká republika
Czech Republic

Flag of the Czech Republic Coat of Arms of the Czech Republic (Flag) (Coat of Arms)
Motto: Pravda vítězí (Czech for "Truth prevails")
Anthem: Kde domov můj
Location of the Czech Republic
Capital	Prague 50°05′ N 14°28′ E
Largest city	Prague
Official languages	Czech
Government President Prime Minister	Republic Václav Klaus Jiří Paroubek
Formation Independence • Regained • Dismemberment	9th century October 28, 1918 January 1, 1993
Area • Total • Water (%)	78,866 km² (114st) 2.0%
Population • 2005 est. • 2001 census • Density	10,241,138 (79th) 10,230,060 130/km² (58th)
GDP (PPP) • Total • Per capita	2005 estimate $198,976 million (41st) $19,488 (39th)
Currency	Czech koruna (CZK)
Time zone • Summer (DST)	CET (UTC+1) CEST (UTC+2)
Internet TLD	.cz
Calling code	+4201
1 Shared code 42 with Slovakia until 1997

The Czech Republic (Czech: Česká republika listen ▶(?)) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The republic borders Poland to the north, Germany to the northwest and west, Austria to the south, and Slovakia to the east. Historic Prague (Czech: Praha), a major tourist attraction, is its capital and largest city. Other major cities include Brno, Ostrava, Plzeň, Hradec Králové, České Budějovice, Liberec, Olomouc, and Ústí nad Labem.

The country is composed of two older regions, Bohemia and Moravia, and part of a third one, Silesia. As of May 1, 2004, it is a member state of the European Union.

The Czech Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1993 announced that the name Czechia (Czech: Česko) is to be used in all situations other than formal official documents and the full names of government institutions 1, 2, but this has not caught on in English usage. See also: Czech lands.

Have to see

Contents 1 History 2 Politics 3 Regions 4 Geography 5 Economy 6 Demographics 7 Culture 8 International rankings 9 Miscellaneous topics 10 Reference 11 External links

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History

Main article: History of the Czech Republic

The Czech lands emerged in the late 9th century when it was unified by the Přemyslids. The kingdom of Bohemia was a significant local power, but religious conflicts such as the 15th century Hussite Wars and the 17th century Thirty Years War were devastating. It later came under the Habsburg influence and became part of Austria-Hungary.

Following the collapse of this state after World War I, the Czechs and neighbouring Slovaks joined together and formed the independent republic of Czechoslovakia in 1918. This new country contained a large German minority, which would lead to the dissolution of Czechoslovakia when Germany successfully annexed the minority through the Munich Agreement in 1938, and Slovakia gained greater autonomy, with the state renamed "Czecho-Slovakia". Slovakia broke away further in 1939 and the remaining Czech state was occupied by the Germans.

After World War II, a reconstituted Czechoslovakia fell within the Soviet sphere of influence. In 1968, an invasion by Warsaw Pact troops ended the efforts of the country's leaders to liberalise party rule and create "socialism with a human face" during the Prague Spring. In 1989, Czechoslovakia regained its "freedom" through a peaceful "Velvet Revolution". On January 1, 1993, the country peacefully split in two, creating independent Czech and Slovak republics.

The Czech Republic joined NATO in 1999 and the European Union in 2004.

Politics

Main article: Politics of the Czech Republic

According to its constitution the Czech Republic is a parliamentary democracy, whose head of state is a president, indirectly elected every five years by the parliament. The president is also granted specific powers such as the right to nominate Constitutional Court judges, dissolve parliament under certain conditions, and enact a veto on legislation. He also appoints the prime minister, who sets the agenda for most foreign and domestic policy, as well the other members of the cabinet on a proposal by the prime minister.

The Czech parliament (Parlament) is bicameral, with a Chamber of Deputies (Poslanecká sněmovna) and a Senate (Senát). The 200 Chamber delegates are elected for 4-year terms, on the basis of proportional representation. The 81 members of the Czech Senate serve for 6-year terms with one-third being elected every 2 years on the basis of two-round majority voting.

The country's highest court of appeals is the Supreme Court. The Constitutional Court, which rules on constitutional issues, is appointed by the president, and its members serve 10-year terms.

Regions

Main article: Regions of the Czech Republic; see also: Overview of regions in Czech Republic

The Czech Republic consists of 13 regions (kraje, singular - kraj) and one capital city (hlavní město), marked by a *:

Region	Capital	colour
Prague* (Praha)
Central Bohemian Region (Středočeský kraj)	its offices are located in Prague (Praha)
South Bohemian Region (Jihočeský kraj)	České Budějovice
Plzeň Region (Plzeňský kraj)	Plzeň
Carlsbad Region (Karlovarský kraj)	Karlovy Vary (Carlsbad)
Ústí nad Labem Region (Ústecký kraj)	Ústí nad Labem
Liberec Region (Liberecký kraj)	Liberec
Hradec Králové Region (Královéhradecký kraj)	Hradec Králové
Pardubice Region (Pardubický kraj)	Pardubice
Olomouc Region (Olomoucký kraj)	Olomouc
Moravian-Silesian Region (Moravskoslezský kraj)	Ostrava
South Moravian Region (Jihomoravský kraj)	Brno
Zlín Region (Zlínský kraj)	Zlín
Vysočina Region (Vysočina)	Jihlava

Geography

Main article: Geography of the Czech Republic