Ablative case?

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Grammatical cases
List of grammatical cases
Abessive case
Ablative case
Absolutive case
Adessive case
Adverbial case
Allative case
Benefactive case
Causal case
Causal-final case
Comitative case
Dative case
Dedative case
Delative case
Disjunctive case
Distributive case
Distributive-temporal case
Elative case
Essive case
Essive-formal case
Essive-modal case
Excessive case
Final case
Formal case
Genitive case
Illative case
Inessive case
Instructive case
Instrumental case
Lative case
Locative case
Modal case
Multiplicative case
Oblique case
Objective case
Partitive case
Possessive case
Postpositional case
Prepositional case
Prolative case
Prosecutive case
Separative case
Sociative case
Sublative case
Superessive case
Temporal case
Terminative case
Translative case
Vialis case
Vocative case
Morphosyntactic alignment
Absolutive case
Accusative case
Ergative case
Instrumental case
Instrumental-comitative case
Intransitive case
Nominative case
Declension
Declension in English
Latin declension

For the physical process, see ablation.

In linguistics, the ablative case is a noun case found in several languages, including Armenian, Latin, Sanskrit and the Finno-Ugric languages.

The Latin ablative combines the functions of the Indo-European ablative (indicating "from"), instrumental (indicating "with" or "by"), and locative (indicating "in") cases, which merged together in the development of Latin. From these original meanings several others developed, including the ablative of cause (indicating "caused by"), the ablative of time and means (indicating "at the time of", deriving from the locative), and the ablative absolute.

In Finnish, the ablative case is the sixth of the locative cases with the meaning "from off of", e.g. pöytä — pöydältä "table — off from the table". It is an outer locative case, used just as the adessive and allative cases to denote both being on top of something and "being around the place" (as opposed to the inner locative case, the elative, which means "from out of" or "from the inside of").

The other locative cases in Finnish are:

• Inessive case ("in")
• Elative case ("out of")
• Illative case ("into")
• Adessive case ("on")
• Allative case ("onto")

Latin usage

The case also exists in 3 kinds besides its direct purpose and Ablativus absolutus:

• Ablativus separationis with meaning of separation, e.g. movere loco - "to put aside", educere castris - "to bring out from camp" or domo - "from home", Roma - "from Rome";
• Ablativus causae means the reason, e.g. ira clamare - "to shout because of anger", morbo abesse - "to absent because of disease";
• Ablativus comparativus which is used in comparisons, e.g. vilius argentum auro - "the silver is cheaper than gold";

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