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Headline text
1800 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar).
Events
March 14 - Cardinal Barnaba Chiaramonti is elected pope as Pius VII .March 21 - Pius VII is ordained.April 24 - U.S. Library of Congress founded.May 5 - Great Britain passes the Act of Union to join Great Britain and Ireland into the United Kingdom to take effect on 1 January 1801 . The act is signed by King George III in August.May 15 - Napoleon Bonaparte crosses the Alps and invades Italy .June 14 - Battle of Marengo , Napoleon defeats the Austrian troops near Marengo, Italy.June 2 - First smallpox vaccination in North America , at Trinity, Newfoundland.June 27 - Pascha Jussuf Karamanli of Tripoli declares war on Sweden by having the flagpole on the consulate chopped down.September 5 - The island of Malta , that was occupied by the French, is conquered by British troops.November 1 - U.S. President John Adams becomes the first President of the United States to live in the Executive Mansion (later renamed the White House ).November 17 - The U.S. Congress holds its first Washington, DC session.December 3 - Battle of Hohenlinden , the French army defeats the Austrian troops.December 24 - An assault on Napoleon Bonaparte fails in Paris .December 24 - Pierre Coudrin and Henriette Aymer de la Chevalerie found the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary in Paris .Invention of the voltaic pile by Alessandro Volta : the first chemical battery
The infrared radiation is discovered by Wilhelm Herschel .
The Althing of Iceland , the world's oldest parliament , is abolished.
Ongoing events
Births
January 1 - Francis Egerton, 1st Earl of Ellesmere (died 1857 )January 7 - Millard Fillmore , 13th President of the United States (died 1874 )January 12 - George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon , English diplomat and statesman (died 1870 )January 14 - Ludwig von Köchel , Austrian musicologist (died 1877 )January 17 - Caleb Cushing , American statesman and diplomat (died 1879 )January 24 - Edwin Chadwick , English social reformer (died 1890 )January 26 - Elizabeth Ann Whitney , Mormon leader (died 1882 )February 1 - Brian Houghton Hodgson , English civil servant (died 1894 )February 6 - Achille Devéria , French painter and lithographer (died 1857 )February 9 - Hyrum Smith , American religious leader (died 1844 )February 9 - Joseph von Führich , Austrian painter (died 1876 )February 11 - William Fox Talbot , English photographic pioneer (died 1877 )February 12 - John Edward Gray , British zoologist (died 1875 )February 23 - William Jardine , Scottish naturalist (died 1874 )February 26 - Lucius Lyon , U.S. statesman (died 1851 )February 28 - Freeman Towns , American entrepreneur (died 1860 )March 3 - Heinrich Georg Bronn , German geologist and paleontologist (died 1862 )March 10 - Victor Aimé Huber , German social reformer (died 1869 )March 12 - Louis Prosper Gachard , Belgian man of letters (died 1885 )March 16 - Emperor Ninko of Japan (died 1846 )March 17 - Rudolf Ewald Stier , German Protestant churchman and mystic (died 1862 )March 20 - Gottfried Bernhardy , German philologist and literary historian (died 1875 )March 25 - Alexis Paulin Paris , French scholar and author (died 1881 )March 25 - Ernst Heinrich Karl von Dechen , German geologist and mineralogist (died 1889 )March 28 - Johann Georg Wagler , German herpetologist (died 1832 )April 4 - Tokugawa Nariaki , Japanese daimyo of Mito (died 1860 )April 15 - James Clark Ross , British naval officer and explorer (died 1862 )April 16 - Jakob Heine , German orthopaedist (died 1879 )April 16 - George Bingham, 3rd Earl of Lucan , British soldier (died 1888 )April 29 - Hiram Cronk , last surviving veteran of the War of 1812 (died 1905 )May 5 - Louis Christophe François Hachette , French publisher (died 1864 )May 8 - Armand Carrel , French writer (died 1836 )May 9 - John Brown , American abolitionist (died 1859 )May 9 - Samuel Carter Hall , English journalist (died 1889 )June 1 - Charles Fremantle , Royal Navy officer (died 1869 )June 17 - William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse , Irish astronomer (died 1867 )June 23 - Karol Marcinkowski , Polish physician and social activist (died 1846 )July 14 - Jean-Baptiste Dumas , French chemist (died 1884 )July 19 - Juan José Flores , first president of Ecuador (died 1864 )July 22 - Jakob Lorber , German Christian mystic (died 1864 )July 22 - Robert McCormick , British Royal Navy surgeon (died 1890 )July 31 - Friedrich Wöhler , German chemist (died 1882 )August 4 - Hercules L. Dousman , American trader and financier (died 1868 )August 10 - Otto August Rosenberger , German astronomer (died 1890 )August 12 - Jean-Jacques Ampère , French philologist (died 1864 )August 19 - Buckner Stith Morris , mayor of Chicago (died 1879 )August 19 - James Lenox , American bibliophile and philanthropist (died 1880 )August 22 - Edward Barron Chandler , American politician (died 1880 )August 22 - William S. Harney , U.S. general (died 1889 )August 22 - Edward Bouverie Pusey , English churchman (died 1882 )August 25 - Karl Hase , German Protestant theologian and Church historian (died 1890 )September 6 - Catharine Beecher , American educator (died 1878 )September 11 - Daniel S. Dickinson , Confederate admiral (died 1866 )September 13 - Franklin Buchanan , officer in the U.S. Navy who became an admiral in the Confederate Navy during the American Civil War (died 1874 )September 13 - David Stewart , American politician (died 1858 )September 15 - Paul Friedrich, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (died 1842 )September 19 - William McKean , admiral in the United States Navy (died 1865 )September 20 - Benjamin Franklin White , American singing master (died 1879 )September 22 - George Bentham , English botanist (died 1884 )September 22 - Thomas Holloway , English pharmacist and philanthropist (died 1883 )September 23 - William Holmes McGuffey , American professor who created the McGuffey Readers (died 1873 )September 30 - Decimus Burton , prolific English architect and garden designer (died 1881 )October 1 - Lars Levi Laestadius , Swedish Lutheran pastor of Sami ancestry (died 1861 )October 2 - Nat Turner , American slave rebel (died 1831 )October 3 - George Bancroft , American historian and statesman (died 1891 )October 8 - Jules Desnoyers , French geologist and archaeologist (died 1887 )October 18 - Henry Taylor , English dramatist (died 1886 )October 22 - Christian Lassen , German orientalist (died 1876 )October 23 - Henri Milne-Edwards , French zoologist (died 1885 )October 25 - Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay , British poet (died 1859 )October 25 - Jacques Paul Migne , French priest and theologian (died 1875 )October 26 - Helmuth von Moltke the Elder , German field marshal (died 1891 )October 27 - Benjamin Wade , U.S. lawyer and politician (died 1878 )November 4 - Edwin Waller , Americian entrepreneur (died 1881 )November 4 - George Long , English classical scholar (died 1879 )November 17 - Achille Fould , French financier and politician (died 1867 )November 18 - John Nelson Darby , British evangelist (died 1882 )November 22 - Linn Boyd , U.S. politician (died 1859 )November 27 - Frances Anne Kemble , British actress and author (died 1893 )December 1 - Mihály Vörösmarty , Hungarian poet (died 1855 )December 3 - France Prešeren , Slovenian poet (died 1849 )December 4 - Emil Aarestrup , Danish erotic poet (died 1856 )December 4 - William Fenwick Williams , British military (died 1883 )December 5 - Thomas Ford , governor of Illinois (died 1850 )December 7 - Giuseppe Gené , Italian naturalist and author (died 1847 )December 25 - John Phillips , English geologist (died 1874 )December 27 - John Goss , English organist and composer (died 1880 )December 29 - Charles Goodyear , American rubber magnate (died 1860 )Aga Khan I , Shah of Persia (died 1881 )Jewgenij Abramovich Baratynski , Russian poet (died 1844 )Ugo Bassi , Italian patriot (died 1849 )James Black , creator of the original Bowie knife (died 1870 )Elias Boudinot , Cherokee who started and ed the tribe's first newspaper (died 1839 )John McLeod Campbell , Scottish churchman (died 1872 )Robert L. Caruthers , Confederate governor of Tennessee (died 1882 )Martín Perfecto de Cos , Mexican general (died 1854 )Catherine Crowe , British writer (died 1876 )John Evelyn Denison, 1st Viscount Ossington , English statesman (died 1875 )Karl Wilhelm Feuerbach , German geometer (died 1827 )Charles Auguste Désiré Filon , French historian (died 1875 )James Glynn , United States Navy officer (died 1871 )Edwin Guest , English antiquary (died 1880 )James Henry Hackett , United States actor (died 1871 )Charles Wood, 1st Viscount Halifax , English statesman (died 1885 )Anna Maria Hall , Irish writer (died 1889 )George Hudson , English railway financier (died 1871 )John Hudson , English classical scholar (died 1871 )Frederick Yeates Hurlstone , English painter (died 1869 )Richard Lawrence , attempted assassin of Andrew Jackson (died 1861 )Thomas Henry Lister , English novelist (died 1842 )Ramón María Narváez , Spanish soldier and statesman (died 1868 )William Nicholson , officer in the United States Navy (died 1872 )Johann Gerhard Oncken , German Baptist preacher (died 1884 )Mustafa Resid Pasha , Turkish statesman and diplomatWilliam Cavendish-Scott-Bentinck, 5th Duke of Portland (died 1879 )Gustaw Potworowski , Polish activist (died 1860 )William Price , British physician and eccentric (died 1893 )John Baptist Purcell , U.S. (Irish-born) archbishop (died 1883 )Ippolito Rosellini , Italian Egyptologist (died 1843 )Roman Sanguszko , Polish noble (died 1881 )William Simson , Scottish portrait (died 1847 )Henrietta Constance Smithson , Irish actress (died 1854 )Pierre St. Amant , leading French chess master (died 1872 )Nicholas P. Trist , secretary to Andrew Jackson (died 1874 )A.W. Volkmann , German physiologist (died 1877 )Richard Bethell, 1st Baron Westbury , Lord Chancellor of Great Britain (died 1873 )Jacob Westervelt , American shipbuilder and mayor of New York (died 1856 )Andrzej Artur Zamoyski , Polish nobleman (died 1874 )
Deaths
January 1 - Louis-Jean-Marie Daubenton , French naturalist (born 1716 )January 6 - William Jones , English divine (born 1726 )January 9 - Jean Étienne Championnet , French general (born 1762 )January 13 - Dempsey Burges , Republican U.S. Congressman (born 1751 )January 20 - Thomas Mifflin , fifth President of the United States in Congress assembled under the Articles of Confederation (born 1744 )January 22 - George Steevens , English Shakespearean commentator (born 1736 )January 23 - Edward Rutledge , U.S. statesman (born 1749 )February 2 - James C. Jarvis , United States Navy officer (born 1787 )February 23 - Joseph Warton , English academic and literary critic (born 1722 )March 1 - John Hazelwood , officer in the Continental Navy (born 1726 )March 14 - Daines Barrington , English naturalist (born 1727 )March 21 - William Blount , U.S. statesman (born 1749 )March 29 - Marc René, marquis de Montalembert , French military engineer and writer (born 1714 )April 25 - Ezekiel Cornell , Continental Congressman from Rhode Island (born 1732 )April 25 - William Cowper , English poet (born 1731 )May 4 - Armand, duc d'Aiguillon (born 1750 )May 7 - Niccola Piccinni , Italian composer (born 1728 )May 18 - Alexander Suvorov , Count of Rymnik (born 1729 )June 14 - Louis Charles Antoine Desaix de Veygoux , French military leader (killed in battle) (born 1768 )June 14 - Jean Baptiste Kléber , French general (assassinated) (born 1753 )
June 20 - Abraham Gotthelf Kästner , German mathematician (born 1719 )June 30 - Thomas Townshend, 1st Viscount Sydney , British politician (born 1732 )July 14 - Lorenzo Mascheroni , Italian mathematician (born 1750 )July 18 - John Rutledge , governor of South Carolina (born 1739 )August 31 - John Blair , American politician (born 1732 )September 26 - William Billings , American choral composer (born 1746 )September 27 - William Gibbons , American lawyer and revolutionary (born 1726 )September 29 - Michael Denis , Austrian poet (born 1729 )October 16 - Benjamin Huntington , American lawyer and politician (born 1736 )October 28 - Artemas Ward , American Major General in the American Revolutionary War and a Congressman from Massachusetts (born 1727 )November 5 - Jesse Ramsden , English astronomical instrument maker (born 1735 )December 17 - William Peery , American farmer and lawyer (born 1743 )December 27 - Hugh Blair , Scottish Presbyterian preacher and man of letters (born 1718 )Jean-Baptiste Audebert , French artist and naturalistAngelo Maria Bandini , Italian author (born 1726 )Samuel Barrington , British admiral (born 1729 )François Claude Amour, marquis de Bouillé , French general (born 1739 )Thomas Conway , Irish soldier (born 1734 )Henry Cort , English ironmasterGeorge Dixon , English sea captain and explorer (born 1755 )Joseph de Guignes , French orientalist (born 1721 )Johann Hermann , German physician and naturalist (born 1738 )Charles Johnstone , Irish writer (born 1719 )Rawlins Lowndes , American lawyer and jurist (born 1721 )Elizabeth Montagu , English literary critic (born 1720 )Kazimierz Poniatowski , Polish nobleman (born 1721 )Gabriel , African American slave and revolutionary (born 1775 )Maciej Radziwill , Polish nobleman (born 1749 )Baron von Riedesel , German soldier (born 1738 )Mary Robinson , English poet (born 1756 )Matthew Robinson, 2nd Baron Rokeby , English eccentric nobleman (born 1712 )Charles Stewart , American revolutionary (born 1729 )Aleksander August Zamoyski , Polish noblemanThéophile Corret de la Tour d'Auvergne , Grenadier officer in the French army (born 1743 )
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